Kerbal space.program is a great and easy way to learn about the mechanics of space flight.
Think of a quarter back being earth, the ball the shuttle and the wide receiver the moon or mars.
When the shuttle is launched it is aimed to be where we think the wide receiver will be when we throw it. The ball travels and is then caught by the wide receiver which in this case is the moon’s gravity field. Orbiting then allows a declaration period before landing
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