You can survive on oil in short term emergencies.
A healthy diet is defined by the state of New Zealand (for an assumption of a 2000 calorie/day base metabolic rate) as 50 grams of protein, 70 grams of fat, 24 grams of saturated fatty acids, 310 grams of carbohydrates, 90 grams of sugar, 2.3 grams of sodium, and 30 grams of dietary fiber
You also need a lot of different types of vitamins that your body just doesn’t produce on its own
All of that is stuff thar you will just get eating normal food in regular portion sizes, and at least most of that stuff you’re not going to go through negative consequences immediately if you don’t have them.
But, if you just start eating 2000 calories of something without all of that stuff, you will start to experience malnutrition as your body will start to cannibalize less essential parts of itself in order to get the resources that vital systems need to keep you alive
A good example you might be familiar with is Scurvy
Your body doesn’t produce Vitamin C, Vitamin C is a building block in collagen among other things, and is necessary for your intestines to absorb iron.
So, in order to continue getting the iron you need to make blood, when your body is running on pure empty, it starts to break down your hair, your gums, and your scars and skin, all of which are made out of substances containing Vitamin C
Because your skin is much thinner you get cuts more easily, because you don’t have the ability to make new scar tissue (on account of that needing Vitamin C) you just keep bleeding
Because your gums are thinner those start bleeding and the stuff holding your teeth in are a lot less good at their jobs so your teeth fall out
Eventually you just get so many wounds or infections from the open wounds that you die
Directly caused by malnutrition
You can survive on something like oil for an emergency (as in a very short time) so long as you define “survive” as “slow the process of starvation.” Your body will soon become depleted of various nutrients and minerals if you’re only consuming oil.
In an emergency, though, the priority is water. Depending on circumstances (weather, physical effort, etc.) and one’s health, a person can survive without food for a couple of weeks to a couple of months, but can only go without water for a couple of days to about a week without water (in extreme cases, two weeks without).
There is a concept called bioavailability , and it basically means “how easy is it for the body to use the components of what you eat”.
So for example, Meat has whats called haem iron, which compared to the Iron in vegetables is more bioavailability. You’ll get 15-35% of the iron in a steak, but just 2-20% from a vegetable.
This is also true of energy, which is what calories measure. The calories in a piece of chocolate for example are extremely bioavailable. Your blood sugar will shoot up dramatically very quickly all at once. Eat the same amount of calories in fruit and your blood sugar won’t shoot up as much. This is because the fibre makes it harder to process the food, which is actually a good thing.
For oil, we aren’t very good at digesting absorbing and metabolising it. Your gallbladder has to produce bile to break down the fats, and it can only do so much..
So a spoonful of cooking oil neat is likely to just pass through you. Your body cant absorb and convert the calories into something useful.
In an emergency instead of eating only oil your body could just brake down your fat reserves and get you energy that way. You could not eat for a few days and be fine.
Having carbs, nutrients and protein will help you keep your mood, digestion and immune system working which would all be usefull in an emergency.
Just eating a lot of oil can also upset your stomach, which leads losing fluids and making you feel worse than before.
You can easily survive on just oil or simply not eating in emergencies.
The most imminent need is water. If that’s covered you can last for several weeks without trouble, as long as you weigh enough.
This time really cannot be extended much by solely consuming oil, because it‘s the lack of vitamins and minerals that is actually causing you to die.
Our bodies of healthy, and of average weight store quite a large amount of fat that would already be used if you are starving. Doesn‘t really matter whether you fat storage gets used or the oil you drink.
But there‘s vitamins that we only have stores for a couple of weeks, same with minerals. You are constantly losing salt through sweat and urine. So eventually your electrolytes won‘t work out anymore if you just have tap/well water to drink.
But on the other hand rhere have been experiments done with obese people, they weren’t given any calories. Just plain solutions of vitamins and minerals in water. And they weren‘t at all harmed after several months of not eating any calories.
They simply continuously lost weight by their fat storages being burned.
However this cannot be extended undefinetely without adding protein, because our bodies aren‘t perfect at recycling protein, so eventually you need to also supply a minimum amount of protein.
Usually calories are by far your least concern in an emergency. It‘s lack of minerals/electrolytes and vitamins that kills you first, before lack of calories; unless you are already starving weight before.
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