1. Centuries long Turkish occupation is one of the main reasons. The countries of the Balkans missed a centuries of technological, cultural, economic and various other development that the rest of Europe went through.
2. Frequent wars. From the wars for the liberation from the Turks, regional wars, the First and Second World Wars, and finally the wars of the 90s.
3. Corruption. The level of corruption at all levels in the Balkans is almost unimaginable.
There are many other reasons, but in my opinion these three are the main ones.
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