The value of a currency depends on how many people need to buy it using a central currency.
You have some people who are spending your local currency to buy a foreign currency, and some people who are spending a foreign currency to buy your local currency.
For example, a Canadian business might be selling their product to the US in USD, and so they need to buy Canadian dollars with their USD in order to pay their employees. But then Canadians may take their Canadian dollars and buy US Dollars to buy goods and services from the US.
If the exchange rate is too high (like $1CAD to $1USD), then the companies might be struggling, because their employees salaries haven’t changed but effectively cost more USD to pay. Similarly, if the exchange rate is too low (like $0.50CAD to $1USD), then there won’t be as many Canadians buying USD to go shopping because things end up costing extra.
All of the currency exchanges happening back and forth create a sort of equilibrium point for most stable currencies. If it gets too expensive in either direction, then those transactions will naturally slow down, allowing the value to slide back in the other direction.
Big shocks like Brexit or trade war tariffs can create permanent changes because it completely changes the nature of those balancing transactions for reasons besides the actual price.
Latest Answers