Many substances stick to the surface of charcoal. If you can make it spongelike on a microscopic level, it will have a lot of surface and so it can collect a lot of gunk. Like a molecular mop.
That’s what activating charcoal does. It riddles the material with microscopic holes and/or craters.
It’s great for absorbing nastiness in your stomach, but that’s about the extent of its medical application.
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