Engine brakes ( or Jake brakes , a name brand ) essentially turn the engine into an air compressor. What it does is shut off the fuel to the cylinders and makes them compressor air. The act of compressing the air takes energy, and the energy comes from the momentum of the truck. So ass the engine compresses air it slows the vehicle down without using the brakes at the wheels. This is particularly effective going down hills where continued use of wheel brakes causes them to fade ( lose friction ) and overheat. Both conditions cause brake failure.
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