Another common application is wiring together batteries. The voltage of a battery is fairly low but adds when you wire them in series, so if you need 4.5V you might wire 3 1.5V cells together in series. If you then want to double your overall energy capacity you would then wire an identical, 3 cell in series, arrangement in parallel with the first. This sort of thing is common, especially in electric vehicle batteries which want both lots of capacity and a higher voltage coming out of the battery pack than the 3.7V you get from wiring 8 billion Li-ions just in parallel with each other.
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