when you’re thinking about any given process – the “bottle neck” is the thing that limits speed/performance.
Think of the metaphor – a bottle.
If you try to pour all the liquid out – typically you get a slow “glug-glug-glug” type effect – which is because the opening of the bottle (i.e., the “neck”) is too small to let the water and air flow smoothly in and out of the bottle. So in this way it serves as a “bottleneck” slowing down how fast the process can go.
So now, in general – if some process is limited by a particular factor – e.g., supplies or the time to do a particular step – that limiting factor is referred to as a “bottleneck”
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