A bond is a loan of sorts. It is used in legal situations as a payment to guarantee something. If you fail to do the thing being guaranteed, you lose the money (it is the cost for failure). Kind of like a down payment, in a way, but the bond is borrowed from someone to make the down-payment.
When you promise to pay some amount to a bondsman (secure a bond, a loan), it means that the bondsman is putting up the money for the guarantee. You might be putting up only 10% to the bondsman (price of the loan). If YOU fail to do the thing being guaranteed, the BONDSMAN loses the money. They have to come after you in civil court to get their money back if you do not pay them what they just spent on your behalf. That is both a huge pain in the tail and costly, likely time-consuming (big delays to get paid if get paid at all), and they still might not get any money.
Some folks are so terrible at paying money that the owe, and are so unreliable that no one trusts them to keep the guarantee or actually pay what they owe, so no one will take on the risk of lending a large amount of money in their behalf. Of course, sometimes the person cannot even find that 10% payment (or whatever it is) for the bond, so they get no bond. Either case, the person cannot secure a bond. Either have to find the total amount somehow else, or forfeit their own freedom as guarantee to do the thing.
In Trump’s lawsuit problem, he has to pay the judgement NOW whether or not he gets it changed on appeal. They will give him back anything that turns out to be too much. He has a debt he has to pay NOW. Apparently he is seen as so unreliable that no one will front him the money. They worry they won’t ever get paid. I cannot imagine why.
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