The word brand pertains to the public-facing persona of a company (or an individual for that matter). It’s basically the totality of how they represent themselves through design, advertising, social media and other communications, the quality of the product / service they provide, and any other way that you (someone who isn’t involved in the company) might interact with them.
Yo use your examples, you would probably be very surprised if Hershey started making, say, Hershey-branded energy drinks and making edgy advertisements for them and using swear words in their tweets, right? That’s because Hershey has cultivated a particular image, and that style doesn’t fit in. If the larger company Hershey *wanted* to do that, they would probably create a new brand for the energy drinks (with its own name, logo, and media). That way they aren’t diluting or betraying the brand that most customers are familiar with.
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