It’s a euphemistic term referring to banning unions from requiring membership (which requires union dues) as a condition of employment. It allows people to benefit from union activity without actually funding said activity, thereby intentionally creating a [free-rider problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-rider_problem) that makes unions be less financially stable, represent fewer workers, and therefore overall be less effective at advocating for employees. The ultimate goal of right-to-work laws is the destruction of unions.
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