It depends.
If they detonated it high enough that the fireball didn’t touch the ground. Not very much. The area would be safe again in a few days.
If they tested it underground, again, not very much.
If it was a ground burst, it could take 5-10 years for the area to be safe again, but after that, the radiation level wouldn’t really be any higher than the normal amount you get from just living on Earth.
So in short, except for damage to the terrain, not much. The areas where nukes were tested are all safe to visit now.
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