Eli5: What happens when you use a powerful charger on a smaller device?

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I plugged my phone into my laptop charger to see what would happen. My phone on 10% said “charge time 2 mins”. But then after a bit it changed to 45mins.

Does the phone somehow change the power of the charger to a more sensible power?

My phone has a fast charger which is usually “1hr” to fully charge.

In: 5

7 Answers

Anonymous 0 Comments

First, to make sure you do not damage anything.
Your charge may not have higher voltage than 5V, and positive and negative has to be in the same way.

Ampere can be as high it wants to, as long it is as high or higher than what your phone demands-

Anonymous 0 Comments

Most chargers have a controller to avoid over charging a battery.

They either send a digital signal to communicate with the device asking it what it is and the battery capacity or it is just sending some power in the beginning and checking the voltage and amperage this circuit sends back. And adapting to it.

Anonymous 0 Comments

Assuming that the phone and the charger both implements the USB Power Delivery standard which have become the most common standard then they are able to communicate with each other. They can negotiate the voltage and current based on a number of different things. The high power laptop charger does support higher voltages and current needed to charge laptops, but it also supports the lower voltages and currents that phones need. So the phone will tell the charger to please slow down.

The “2 min” display you got is most certainly a display bug. This might be based on the maximum power output of the charger but the phone does not even support the voltages required for this. The phone battery is just not high enough voltage to accept that charge. You may however experience that the phone starts charging fast and then slows down a bit after some time. This is the thermal protection kicking inn. The phone will monitor the temperature of the battery and if it gets too hot it tells the charger to limit the current.

It is perfectly fine to use a laptop charger to also charge your phone. The standards are intentionally made compatible to allow for this. This means that if you are out on a trip you may only bring your laptop charger and do not need a separate phone charger. Technically it also works the other way and a laptop does work with a phone charger. However because the laptop uses higher voltage batteries it is likely not going to be able to charge from the phone charger. At best you might hope that the laptop will discharge slower when connected to a phone charger.

Anonymous 0 Comments

Speaking of USB yes, the device and charger negotiate how much current and at what voltage will be delivered. There are obviously limits on both device and charger side, there are even limits in the cable. To figure out in detail how every bit of handshaking works you would have to dive deep into USB specs, an effort not worth making unless you are engineering a USB charging related device. As a user, if the plugs fit you can just connect it and it’ll work, nothing will get damaged.

Anonymous 0 Comments

Be carefull on this one. Li-ion Batteries and Li-Pol batteries have different chargers, and batteries can ignite with the wrong charger. A lot of Laptops ahve high density Li-Po batteries nowadays.

Anonymous 0 Comments

You are getting some bad answers. This is only for USB based chargers that are within spec. The device being charged is 100% in control. It and the charger communicate and come to an agreement on what power will be provided. If they can’t come to an agreement the charger defaults to the base USB power spec which all USB charged devices can accept.

Plugging a high powered USB charger in to a phone will charge the phone at the highest power the phone requests.

The faster you charge a battery the more heat your generate and this is harder on the battery. If you don’t need to fast charge your device then use a basic 5W charger.

Idk why the eta changed.

Anonymous 0 Comments

Electric charging has two properties, voltage and amperage. Plugging a device into a charger of the wrong voltage can damage it. Plugging a device into a charger of the wrong amperage generally works fine, although the device may charge faster or slower than usual.

If you are dealing with USB C chargers, they usually implement a technology called “USB PD”, which allows the charger and device to negotiate what voltage and amperage to use, based on the ones the charger and device support. A USB PD laptop power supply is capable of putting out high voltages and amperage, but it can negotiate a charging rate which is safe for your phone to use. On the other hand, your phone charger isn’t capable of putting out enough power for your laptop, so it mosy likely won’t charge at all.