In addition to what other people have described, in most cases, where you have an HOA you have some commonly held areas. The HOA is necessary to maintain these areas, collect money for that maintenance and enforce rules concerning their use. Common areas might be roads, landscaping, parks, pools, rec centers and sometimes fences.
People do an inordinate amount of bitching about HOAs when you consider that they voluntarily bought into them and knew what the rules were when they did so. Nobody ever had a gun to his head when he bought a house with an HOA.
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