A non-relational database (like nosql) uses a storage structure that isn’t the tabular storage (rows and columns) system that relational databases do.
They are more purpose driven and are useful, when tailored, for a large scale system serving large amounts of data, but has difficulties in being queried in a generalized way.
Think of it as a building that might not have bedrooms and bathrooms like a traditional house, but it purposely constructed to store caustic chemicals so is useful for that purpose.
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