The outer layer of the discs are made of cartilage. Cartilage is a kind of tissue that is flexible, so it can withstand tension. It’s found in many joints, like your knees, to make it so two bones aren’t just grinding in to eachother.
Inside the disk is a gelatin-like substances that make it so the disks can be squished and stretched. When you lean forward, the front of the disks get squished.
The spine needs to be very flexible and stable at the same time, so the discs are definitely needed.
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