Let’s say you want to send a message by changing the voltage over a wire, kind of a telephone. You speak into a microphone, which varies voltage over a line, which is fed into another speaker that reproduces the speech. But any noise on the line, especially over long distances, will mean the voltage isn’t received as it was sent, and the message quality will be poor.
But think of Morse Code, which really was digital. It was sent as voltage over wires too, but either power is applied, or it isn’t, so it was very tolerant of line noise. Words were encoded into an on-off format, sent over the wires, and then the on-off format was reconstructed into words.
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