Eli5: What is the real difference between analog and digital?

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I tried looking it up, and my brain just wasn’t making sense of it, but I haven’t had coffee yet so.

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Digital things can be one of two states. On or off. Yes or no. 1 or 0. Analogue can be anything in between.

Take video game controllers, for example. Modern controllers use analogue sticks. You can push the stick a little bit forwards, and have your character only move a little bit. The controller knows the difference between pushing a little bit and pushing a lot, because it’s an analogue input. A digital input would be simply on or off. Is the stick being pushed, or is it not? Buttons are a good example of this. You get a modern controller and press the X buttons, it only knows if you’re pressing it or you’re not, it doesn’t matter how hard you press it.(*)

Let’s use music as an example. Vinyl records use shapes of grooves which are converted to sounds, an analogue format. If there’s a speck of dust on it, that will change the sound. A CD meanwhile is a digital format, it’s just a lot of 1s and 0s being read by a laser, which are translated to music.

(*) The PS2 and PS3 actually have analogue face buttons, where pushing harder does register as a harder press. So does the original Xbox too I believe. But most controllers don’t.

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