There are port standards. Like HDMI 2.0, USB A 3.0, Lightning etc. they dictate things like how much power, data or display so that there is some form of standards between devices since they need to connect to others.
Thunderbolt 4 is one of those standards. Thunderbolt is physically similar to USB-C but thunderbolt has higher amounts of data, display, and power connectivity than standard USB-C.
Normally thunderbolt 3 already has double the data speed and higher display capability, but thunderbolt 4 goes further than that with higher display specs.
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