Every CPU has a set of instructions that it understands. Stuff like add, multiply, compare, etc.
ARM and x86 are basically two lists of those instructions. So if a program is made for x86 and you try to run it on ARM, the CPU will receive an instruction it either doesn’t know or interprets as a different one than it’s supposed to, so the program will very quickly fail.
You can search Wikipedia for “x86 instruction listings” if you would like to see the actual instructions and what they do.
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