Tittle says it all how does a mechanic modify the engine/car components to make it faster.
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The simplest version that I’ve heard of this is to think of the engine as a big air pump. Yes, I know that engines are actually fueled by gasoline, but apparently its most limiting factor is its ability to pull air in for the combustion reaction, and expel exhaust afterwards.
The engine generates power by combining fuel (gasoline) and air, and then igniting it with a spark. That spark creates an explosion that forces the piston down and pushes the wheels forward against the ground. We can dump as much fuel into the engine as we want, but too much fuel makes it harder for the fuel/air mixture to ignite. If we have too much fuel and not enough air, we don’t get a good explosion and the car doesn’t move.
So the best thing we can do then is get more air into the engine. We can do this by creating pathways that are more efficient for air to get into the engine. We also need to create similar efficient pathways for the air to get out of the engine, which is the exhaust system. A lot of car engine tuning is focusing on intake and exhaust.
In special cases, you can also increase power by increasing the maximum number of explosions you can have in a given time period. The typical number related to this is Rotations Per Minute, or RPM. There is increased difficulty in this, because all of those mechanisms moving faster, in a high heat environment, have to be made to very precise degrees, and require more maintenance more often to make sure they don’t have a mechanical failure.
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