If your container is a solid unbreakable block, than nothing, you could heat it as long as you want.
But in reality the more heat you put in the more water wants to become steam. At 100C steam expands about 1600-1700 times the original water wolume. That is a lot.
If It is not allowed to expand, that is a lot of pressure, the more energy you put in the more pressure you get.
HOWEVER under high pressure you can force water to stay water, way above 100C… Pressurized water reactors is a form of nuclear reactor which uses high pressure water to transfer heat out the reactor at 200 even 300 C That heats normal water.
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pressure affects boiling point of everything. Water can boil at 40-50 C at the top of mount everest or not boil even at 300C under heavy pressure
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