It’s an umbrella term for many different conditions that make people’s brains work differently than what is considered typical by society. Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Tourettes, OCD, are all examples. I don’t usually see the term used for people with cognitive disability such as those with Downs or Prader-Willy syndrome, but some might argue it includes that as well.
You’re hearing it a lot more because in recent years there’s been a lot of effort to recognize these differences as another layer of diversity that exists in our society, and that such people can exist and contribute normally with a little acceptance and accommodation.
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