I think people have had weeks with assigned days for thousands of years, but with travel taking as long as it does I’m sure there have been many times in history where different cultures were ‘on different days’ at the same time.
I wonder when did it come to be that Monday is the same day in China as it is in Chad? Was it forced upon the conquered in, say, Roman times? Or was it one of those more modern standatizations?
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Because countries thought it was in their best interest to adopt the Gregorian Calendar. Once they decided to switch, they had to figure out the one-to-one match from their old calendar to the Gregorian calendar, and then declare a date when the new system was in effect. So in effect they said “the day of the week we call x, d/m/y becomes Monday new-d/new-m/new-y on this date.”
Why did it happen? It was a slow process where countries using their own calendars found the confusion in communicating with other countries greater than the confusion caused by switching.
The Pope created Gregorian calendar in 1582. UK switched in 1752, Russia in 1918. Other countries switched or started using Gregorian when their Western European influence increased. Saudi Arabia was last in 2016. Before that it was Greece in 1923.
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