Eli5: Why and how does our brains fill in colours into images that are not there at all?

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This picture only has black, white and cyan.
How is the [can](https://i.imgur.com/DfRNh0z.png) red? Zoom in to check.

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Anonymous 0 Comments

This image is using CYMK colour, basically – take a look at the [CYMK](https://plumgroveinc.com/wp-content/uploads/featured-cmyk-color-versus-rgb-color-1280×730-thegem-blog-default.jpg) colours here, and notice how opposite cyan is the red segment.

The inverse of cyan is red; in that part of the image, there is no cyan present, so we assume that there must be red there that’s cancelling it out. Zoom in on the hand and you can see that when cyan is present, the whites look reddish. We don’t just use basic visual information gathered through our eyes to assign colour, but also contextual clues from the image – that’s what caused the issue with the gold and white/black and blue dress years ago – [link](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/21/The_dress_blueblackwhitegold.jpg). Depending on how you visualised the way the overall image was lit, it affected your perception of what colour the dress would be under that light.

You can see a good example with this [Rubik’s cube illusion](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370213289/figure/fig1/AS:11431281153068848@1682322633045/The-color-cube-illusion.jpg). The two middle squares on the top and facing face you can see are actually the same colour; however, because we think the one on the front is in shadow, we perceived it as being much brighter and more vivid in comparison to all the squares around it, and therefore to the brown square on top too.

Think of how when your room gets dimmer in the evening, you can still tell what colours things are, as you can use the information that the ambient light is lower to work it out.

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