I know the *base* of the story, every single system doing any kind of work leads to a certain loss of energy, basically what makes perpetual motion machines impossible, as without pumping more energy into the system, the one it already have will eventually all be exchanged in the form of friction and whatnot.
But I want to go to the *fundamentals*, why is it like that? Why is it impossible? Why can’t we imagine a hypothetical machine made with whatever unobtainium we might need that is actually, mathematically energetically perfectly efficient? *Why did heat beat us? xd*
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100% efficiency is possible in only one case: when you want to convert some energy to heat.
The fundamental law in the action here is the second law of thermodynamics. It basically states that energy tends to spread equally and to do something usefull you always have to move energy from high concentration to low concentration while the way back is impossible.
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