I know the *base* of the story, every single system doing any kind of work leads to a certain loss of energy, basically what makes perpetual motion machines impossible, as without pumping more energy into the system, the one it already have will eventually all be exchanged in the form of friction and whatnot.
But I want to go to the *fundamentals*, why is it like that? Why is it impossible? Why can’t we imagine a hypothetical machine made with whatever unobtainium we might need that is actually, mathematically energetically perfectly efficient? *Why did heat beat us? xd*
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Can we imagine one? Sure. Some real systems even come pretty close, like planets orbiting the sun.
But there are so many things that may carry off the energy of the system. Friction, various waves, the expansion of space, and so on. Odds are very good at least one of them interacts with your machine.
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