[ELI5] Why are battery capacities expressed in Ah (Amperes-hour) and what does it mean, for example, a AA battery that is 2500 mAh?
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Amper hour (Ah) is a bad unit used for battery capacity. Amper hours are not unit of power.
Amper hour is horrible unit that should never be used for anything for how bad it is.
It means that you can draw that much current at the nominal voltage of the battery for one hour and then the battery is empty.
To get the actual capacity of a battery you need to multiply the amper hour with the voltage.
So a AA battery with 1.5V and 2500 mAh has capacity of 1.6*2500 = 3750 mWh
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