Eli5 Why are diamonds clear when they are made of carbon?

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Diamonds are clear and see-through yet they are made of highly pressurized carbon which if you see in its unpressurized state looks like black powder or a handful of ash, What happens to cause it to become see-through like that. For that matter the same question for sand and silica into glass.

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For the same reason that sodium is a soft silvery metal that explodes in the presence of water and chlorine is a green poisonous gas but sodium chloride is table salt that is required for life. When two or more elements combine, their chemical and physical attriubutes can change significantly.

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