The big problem is water. With smooth tires water on the road can’t get out from between the tire and the road fast enough. This means the tires aren’t gripping the road, and the car is now gliding on water.
For f1, they use smooth tires when it’s dry, but they actually do switch to treaded tires when the track is wet.
For normal cars, trying to have two sets of tires you switch between based on day-to-day weather conditions would be… annoying, to say the least. So since treads are safer on wet roads and work fine on dry roads, treads it is.
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