During flight, the only way to do that would be through satellite. Not all aircraft have the necessary electronics on board, and bandwidth is very limited. As bandwidth can be sold to passengers, priority is to provide this service to customers.
There is a technology in place called [Skywise](https://aircraft.airbus.com/en/services/enhance/skywise) which some airlines use to upload their telemetry data to a cloud as soon as they get cell service when approaching an airport – however turnaround is often too short to upload all the data a modern aircraft creates during flight, even though this high bandwidth connection.
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