Certainties of measurement. HOw does one measure these things? Usually its a calculation, as physical measurement is limited to the accuracy of the equipment. If you measure electrical frequency with ans Oscilloscope, watch the waveforms as frquency increases, iit will depend on the accuracy of the transidtors, rectifiers and general componants used to manufacture the machine, and accuracy of calibration. I did City and Guilds in Electronics thirty years ago, and equipment is better now than then, but basic theories seem to have little change.
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