Early submarines couldn’t stay underwater for long, they actually spent most of their time on the surface so they could run their diesels
A deck gun provides some mild anti air protection especially if the sub absolutely can’t dive for some reason
The deck gun also gives a much cheaper way to engage a target. The sub might carry 20 torpedos but those won’t last terribly long especially with early war accuracy and detonator problems. Against an unarmed and unarmored merchant ship a 3″ gun is good enough and won’t use a valuable torpedo that could be used on an armed escort
Early submarines couldn’t stay underwater for long, they actually spent most of their time on the surface so they could run their diesels
A deck gun provides some mild anti air protection especially if the sub absolutely can’t dive for some reason
The deck gun also gives a much cheaper way to engage a target. The sub might carry 20 torpedos but those won’t last terribly long especially with early war accuracy and detonator problems. Against an unarmed and unarmored merchant ship a 3″ gun is good enough and won’t use a valuable torpedo that could be used on an armed escort
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