If we compare a WWII era submarine to a WWII era destroyer, the sub is worse than the destroyer in every single way except for the fact that it can go underwater for a bit. The destroyer is cheaper, faster and better armed. If they find the sub, they have a massive advantage.
If you try to use a submarine to fight against your opponent’s submarines, you aren’t any better at finding it than the destroyers are, and once you do find it, you don’t have the destroyer’s weapon plus speed advantages.
That being said, bombers were the weapon that really turned the tide against subs. Bombers are much much cheaper and faster than either ship. Bomber patrols would fly around until they spotted a sub then attack. After both sides spot each other, a B-24 could usually close the distance in about the same amount of time that it took a U-boat to close all their hatches and dive. Ideally, right as the ship is slipping under the water, the plane is crossing overhead dropping depth bombs on it.
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