Think about the problem U-Boats were meant to solve: Britain and her European allies were heavily reliant on their colonies and the United States for resources and war materiel. U-Boats were ruthlessly efficient at seeking out and sinking those merchant convoys.
The Americans *did* build a submarine fleet, which they deployed to great effect against Japanese merchant convoys in the Pacific. But because the German war machine was supplied by mines and factories in Europe, there wasn’t much need for widespread deployment of submarines by the Allies in the European theater.
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