Eli5: why do all objects entering the earths atmosphere from space catch fire?

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Jus wondering like why asteroids and those detachable things from spaceships catch fire when entering earth

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Have you ever rubbed your hand together when you’re cold? it produce heat and feel good.

Well, it’s not only your hands. Whenever two things rub strongly against each other, it makes heat. On the other hand, it slows down the two things rubbing against each other: it turns the kinetic energy (movement) into calorific energy (heat). That’s what friction does.

The issues is that in space, it’s a big emptiness. So there is nothing to cause friction. So objects that move just keep their speed and produce no heat from friction. Once that object hits the atmosphere though, it’s really, really fast and now that it’s rubbing against all that air, it makes a lot of heat and start burning.

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