Actual ELI5: Sheep and cows taste different because they are made of different things, it’s the same reason they look and sound and feel different.
ELI12: The way that the cells of a cow and a sheep take food and make it into more parts of the animal are not the same. When a cow builds fat or muscle, it builds it from slightly different proteins and fats than a sheep does, and in different ratios. Humans have a very good sense of taste that can tell the difference between these ratios and different proteins.
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