What the title says. India and china alone have almost 3 billion. Asia has over half the worlds population. Why has this historically been the case even though many Asian countries developed far slower than European countries.
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Indias population probably declined significantly after the climate changes of the early 3rd millennium BC, as people have pointed out.
Growth got pretty significant during the second urbanization period, where you had these “Janapadas” or kingdom-republics forming across the gangetic plain around 1000-600 BC.
These eventually consolidated into 12 major Mahajanapadas or great kingdoms by 600-400 BC or so, and only here did you had a massive population expansion in the north that put India on the level of China.
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