There are a few kinds of fuse, it’s not fair to say *all* fuses are good underwater.
But the gist is that burning requires 2 ingredients, a fuel and something called an “oxidizer”, which is usually just oxygen gas from the air itself. So something like a piece of wood, the wood is the fuel and the oxygen from air is the oxidizer. Put wood in the water and it goes out because you removed the oxygen gas.
Certain materials, like gunpowder contain both the fuel and the oxidizer in one, they just need heat to start burning. You can fire a bullet underwater or in outer space, no air required.
So if you make a fuse literally out of gunpowder (yes, they do have these) it can burn underwater if you make it right (there are other problems with burning underwater like cooling the flame).
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