Eli5: Why do objects exposed to radiation become radioactive?

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So if radiation is either particles or waves coming from a unstable nucleus, surely things that go near them also wouldn’t become radioactive if they have a stable nucleus? What makes it unstable?

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They usually don’t. Most things exposed to radioactivity do not then become radioactive.

Think of it like a microwave. Most things you microwave do not continue to generate heat when you take them out. However, some things do (think of something catching on fire). So, most things that are exposed to radiation do not continue to emit radiation, unless that radiation triggered the object to begin its own radioactive decay

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