Eli5: Why do objects exposed to radiation become radioactive?

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So if radiation is either particles or waves coming from a unstable nucleus, surely things that go near them also wouldn’t become radioactive if they have a stable nucleus? What makes it unstable?

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Things usually become radioactive from being bombarded with neutrons. Nuclei can absorb a neutron and will become unstable and thus radioactive. A neutron can also split a nuclei and the fission products may be unstable and radioactive.

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