You’ve sort of answered your own question.
Yes the type of steel used, and the paint used will affect rusting. As will environmental factors.
Cars driven in in warm wet climates ( especially by the sea( will rust more quickly than the same car driven I cooler dryer climates.
This can be demonstrated by the nail experiment many children do un school.
Paint is the coat with less impact on rusting. The metal goes through a lot of processes to prevent rust like electrophoresis beneath enamel and clearcoat and a wax coat on the underbody. Cheaping out on these processes will be visible on the long run. It’s common to use salt on the roads to melt the ice in northern europe, all german cars get those processes right.
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