Eli5 Why do speakers blow out? Shouldn’t they be ableto handle the volume that they are set up to receive?
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They wouldn’t blow out unless driven with a signal that is too strong. A speaker consists of a coil of wire that forms an electromagnet when a current flows through it and attracts or repels from a permanent magnet. It heats up as it works proportional to the power sent to it. This may melt the electrical insulation shorting out the wire or the plastic membrane of the speaker.
A typical signal of music or voice consists of louder peaks and pauses where the coil can cool down. A speaker of an amplifier can only handle a fraction of the peak power continuously.
Most speaker systems consist of multiple drivers each for a limited frequency band. The high frequency driver is usually small to allow it to be light and vibrate quickly. This means that its power handling capacity is smaller. With normal music the treble falls off in level, but a synthetic signal could be generated with unrealistically loud high frequencies and overload the small speaker.
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