Fire is rapid oxidation. Rust is slow oxidation. Oxygen is the molecule that breaks down various compounds. As such, oxygen is necessary for our body to regulate (accelerate or slow down) our biochemical reactions (like breaking down food, extracting and converting proteins, etc). These processes are constantly running and require oxygen. Now, some animals evolved to hold their breath for extended periods of time, but that usually comes at slower metabolism. Humans, as land-dwelling animals, never evolved the mechanism of manual regulation of metabolism, therefore we need constant supply of oxygen to stay alive, as even just a couple minutes of oxygen starvation is enough for cells in our brains to start dying off. Animals never evolve organs or abilities without a real need, as those things require energy and resources to maintain. That’s why humans didn’t evolve the ability to hold our breath for extended period of time, fish didn’t evolve extra limbs for walking (just in case they need to), and cave animals are losing eyes over time.
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