ELI5, why does diesel cost so much more than petrol if it’s easier to refine from crude oil?
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I’m not sure where you got the notion its easier to refine. Diesel is a heavier cut than mogas, so it requires more energy just to distill it. Then it needs to be refined further to remove sulphur and nitrogen compounds. Plus, different refineries will have different constraints like access to different kinds of crude based on geography, different metallurgy that limits crude sources further, and unit design / size, storage, etc.
Refining is complex
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