Horseradish and wasabi “hit different” than spicy things like peppers because their spiciness comes from different chemicals! We call them both “heat” because they both kind of burn, but that’s a big generalization. They’re two different flavours. It’s like saying “Why is the fruitiness of a strawberry different from the fruitiness of a cherry?”
Hot-sauce spiciness comes from capsaicin, a thick oily liquid. It activates pain receptors not taste buds, and tricks them to send the “this is hot temperature” signal. We call the sensation “burning” because to your brain it actually registers as burning, not as a flavour. The thick oiliness is also why hot sauce heat can linger longer than horseradish heat.
Horseradish and wasabi get their spiciness from “allyl isothiocyanate”, which is a volatile (thin and easily evaporating) liquid. That’s why horseradish heat gets into your nose and sinuses so easily – it’s evaporating from your mouth. It’s also why it doesn’t stay in your mouth as long as the thick oily hotsauce-spice.
https://www.pepperscale.com/pepper-heat-vs-horseradish-heat/
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