ELI5, why does hot air rise and have low pressure and cool air sink and has high pressure, if energy and temperature do not change the mass of an object?
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Heating air raises its pressure. Cooling air reduces its pressure. Temperature = jiggling. More jiggling, more pressure. But, gases only increase in pressure when constrained. Hot air surrounded by earth’s atmosphere will instead occupy more volume rather than increase pressure. This increased volume lowers the air’s density, causing it to float higher until it cools off.
Increased temperature does increase mass, very slightly. In most situations, the effect is immeasurably small and irrelevant. This is because of mass energy equivalence. It just turns out that a little bit of mass is a lot of energy.
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