Just think about it from a practical stand point. No one up till the last 200 years had technology and a steady food supply. So who is going to go search for ancient remains when you need to search for food? People have the opportunity today to go on long expeditions and have Amazon.com drop off a box of food. I’m joking of course about Amazon. But food and supplies can be brought in instead of hunted and gathered on site. Yes people have explored before the last 200 years. But that was never in search of information. It was in search of some form of capital gain.
Largely, that time period is when people started thinking of archeology as a separate discipline deserving of its own experts and refined techniques. The basic idea of digging up something, noticing it is old, and then wondering exactly how old, has been around as long as humanity.
During the 400s BCE, Thucydides of Athens (author of History of the Peloponnesian War) visited several sites around the Aegean where construction or plowing had unexpectedly unearthed ancient graves, much like how it does today. He went and examined the contents of the graves in an attempt to try and date them and identify their cultural linkages to help trace the ancient migrations of ethnic groups across “greece”. It seems unmistakably like archeological practice, there were just not coherent schools of archeology teaching and refining the best practices.
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