Pumps intended for water often require it to keep their seals and/or bearings cool and lubricated. If there’s no water, the seal just heats up until it melts or otherwise degrades. Water is quite effective at carrying that heat away.
Pumps exist that can pump either air or water, like peristaltic pumps, but when you need to move a lot of water or air it’s more efficient to design the pump specifically for that.
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