This is a very complicated question with no one single answer but I will point to the negative impact of neocolonialism on many African countries. Even after receiving independence in the 60s many African countries continue to be interfered with and exploited by outside powers. This has encouraged lots of cronyism and has lead to good leaders being assassinated or replaced by stooges who stay in power through ties with big companies. I think the Congo is a good example of this if you want to read further on the topic.
I point this out not to say that African countries have no free will or have acted perfectly but to bring attention to the fact that outside interference did not go away after independence but just took on a different veneer.
And of course obligatory Africa is a huge continent and that every country is different.
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